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Article Simplifier, provided by Seotoolzz.com, simplifies sentences in seconds. This free online tool helps convert complex content into easy-to-read articles. It also offers English to Simple English translation. Monthly visits are around 2000.

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History is supposedly written by the victors. It is certainly written by the people who were taught basic literacy skills. In Ancient Greek and Roman society, this means men recorded almost everything we know about classical antiquity. Men like Herodotus and Livy wrote the history books, while men such as Julius Caesar recorded their military campaigns. Men also wrote the law, literature, letters, speeches, and often the tombstones of the time. 
Greek and Roman women were considered to be inferior. They were barred from voting and public office, while most women (Sparta being a notable exception) did not receive an education. Their activities were largely confined to the domestic sphere. These barriers prevented many women from writing down their thoughts and observations. 
This poses a problem when we want to study the lives of ancient women. As historian Bonnie MacLachlan wrote in Women in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook, we face numerous challenges when we “seek to listen for the female voice, to get access to what mattered for women and girls.” With a few exceptions (poets like Nossis and Sulpicia come to mind), ancient women’s voices are almost impossible to come by. 
Instead, we learn about women’s role in society from male sources. Sorting objective facts from biased reportage can be a frustrating task, especially given that such men grew up in cultures that constantly reinforced their superiority over women. Greek and Roman mythology was particularly effective in this respect. Female figures like Medusa acted as warnings to society about the monstrous nature of women. Myths about ill-fated women like Medea helped to reinforce real-life female subservience to the patriarchy by highlighting the disastrous consequences of female independence.
However, since the 1970s, historians have been unpacking evidence about the lives of real ancient women. After all, women living in patriarchal societies have always found ways to exercise power. Wealthy women spent money on the tools that outwardly reinforced their upper-class status: jewelry, makeup, and expensive clothing. Natural beauty transcended rank and could help women to attract rich suitors, buy gifts, or wield influence over male lovers. Furthermore, upper-class women often had powerful male relatives they could potentially manipulate to their advantage. 
In ancient societies, where men were frequently off fighting in foreign lands, the women left behind held some sway. Between 218 and 129 B.C.E., the Roman Empire was at war with an enemy every year in at least one theater of conflict. Widows and orphans became so numerous that they attracted special consideration from the censors. There are also rare cases of women exerting political influence in public life. The Oracle at Delphi was Greece’s most authoritative seer, while the Vestal Virgins of Ancient Rome held influence in the Senate. Such power came at a price, but it was power all the same.
Examining women’s history requires a great deal of sensitivity, as Jane F. Gardner writes in the book Women in Roman Law and Society, “what the law says people may do, as we must constantly remind ourselves, is not necessarily the same as what they actually do.”

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History is supposedly written by the victors. It is certainly written by the people who were taught vital literacy skills. In Warmed-over Greek and Roman society, this ways men recorded scrutinizingly everything we know well-nigh classical antiquity. Men like Herodotus and Livy wrote the history books, while men such as Julius Caesar recorded their military campaigns. Men moreover wrote the law, literature, letters, speeches, and often the tombstones of the time. 
Greek and Roman women were considered to be inferior. They were barred from voting and public office, while most women (Sparta stuff a notable exception) did not receive an education. Their activities were largely serving to the domestic sphere. These barriers prevented many women from writing lanugo their thoughts and observations. 
This poses a problem when we want to study the lives of warmed-over women. As historian Bonnie MacLachlan wrote in Women in Warmed-over Greece: A Sourcebook, we squatter numerous challenges when we “seek to listen for the sexuality voice, to get wangle to what mattered for women and girls.” With a few exceptions (poets like Nossis and Sulpicia come to mind), warmed-over women’s voices are scrutinizingly untellable to come by. 
Instead, we learn well-nigh women’s role in society from male sources. Sorting objective facts from unjust reportage can be a frustrating task, expressly given that such men grew up in cultures that constantly reinforced their superiority over women. Greek and Roman mythology was particularly constructive in this respect. Sexuality figures like Medusa make-believe as warnings to society well-nigh the monstrous nature of women. Myths well-nigh ill-fated women like Medea helped to reinforce real-life sexuality subservience to the patriarchy by highlighting the disastrous consequences of sexuality independence.
However, since the 1970s, historians have been unpacking vestige well-nigh the lives of real warmed-over women. After all, women living in patriarchal societies have unchangingly found ways to exercise power. Wealthy women spent money on the tools that outwardly reinforced their upper-class status: jewelry, makeup, and expensive clothing. Natural eyeful transcended rank and could help women to vamp rich suitors, buy gifts, or wield influence over male lovers. Furthermore, upper-class women often had powerful male relatives they could potentially manipulate to their advantage. 
In warmed-over societies, where men were commonly off fighting in foreign lands, the women left overdue held some sway. Between 218 and 129 B.C.E., the Roman Empire was at war with an enemy every year in at least one theater of conflict. Widows and orphans became so numerous that they attracted special consideration from the censors. There are moreover rare cases of women exerting political influence in public life. The Oracle at Delphi was Greece’s most supervisory seer, while the Vestal Virgins of Warmed-over Rome held influence in the Senate. Such power came at a price, but it was power all the same.
Examining women’s history requires a unconfined deal of sensitivity, as Jane F. Gardner writes in the typesetting Women in Roman Law and Society, “what the law says people may do, as we must constantly remind ourselves, is not necessarily the same as what they unquestionably do.”